Whey protein concentrate and whey protein isolate are both derived from whey, which is a by-product of cheese production, but they differ in their composition and processing methods:

1. Whey Protein Concentrate (WPC):

   • Protein Content: WPC contains a lower percentage of protein by weight, typically around 70-80%, but this can vary. The rest of the product is made up of lactose (milk sugar), fats, and minerals.
   • Processing: The process to produce WPC involves filtering the liquid whey to remove some of the lactose and fat. This process is less intensive than that used for whey isolate.
   • Digestibility: Because it contains more lactose, WPC may be harder to digest for people with lactose intolerance.
   • Taste and Texture: WPC tends to have a more robust flavor and creamier texture due to the higher fat content.
   • Cost: Generally, WPC is less expensive than whey isolate.

2. Whey Protein Isolate (WPI):

   • Protein Content: WPI has a higher protein content by weight, usually around 90% or more. It is more refined with almost all fat and lactose removed.
   • Processing: The production of WPI involves a further processing step called ‘cross-flow microfiltration’. This additional step removes almost all fat and lactose, yielding a higher protein content.
   • Digestibility: WPI is often better tolerated by individuals with lactose intolerance due to its minimal lactose content.
   • Taste and Texture: WPI is generally less flavorful and has a thinner texture compared to WPC because of the lower fat content.
   • Cost: WPI is typically more expensive than WPC due to its higher protein content and more intensive processing.

In summary, the choice between whey protein concentrate and isolate often depends on individual dietary needs, tolerance to lactose, preference for taste and texture, and budget considerations. Whey isolate is a purer form of protein with less fat and lactose, making it a better choice for those with lactose intolerance or who are watching their fat intake, while whey concentrate is more economical and has a richer flavor and texture.